Peru’s economy is ranked 49th in the world as of 2023, and the GDP per capita was $6,553 (USD) in 2023 with a population of 33,845,617 people. Agriculture contributed to 7.2 percent, industry contributed to 33.9 percent, and services contributed to 51.3 percent of the total GDP in 2023, which was 267.60 billion US dollars. The GDP in Peru also had a -0.6 growth rate in 2023.

Major agricultural products include sugarcane, potatoes, rice, plantains, milk, and poultry. The opening of the Quellaveco Copper Mine in 2022, one of the country's and the world's largest copper reserves, also had a positive impact on Peru’s economy, as Peru relies on raw materials for export earnings.

Peru’s major exports include natural gas, copper, and gold, and some major imports are petroleum, machinery, and vehicles. In 2015, 54 percent of the population continued to live below the national poverty line, and through various efforts, Peru had only about 27 percent of the population living below the poverty line as of 2022. Since the early 21st century, Peru has signed many trade agreements with countries in the Americas, Asia, and Europe, that cover 95 percent of its exports. A free trade pact with the United States entered into effect in 2009. Peru's chief trade partners are China, the United States, Brazil, and Canada.

Overall, Peru's economy is reliant on valuable natural resources and a growing service sector, actively participates in global trade, and shows notable advancements in decreasing national poverty.